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D rat mammary carcinoma model. Cancer Res 1987, 47:5386?390. 39. Piskunov A, Rochette-Egly C: A retinoic acid receptor RARalpha pool present in membrane lipid rafts types complexes with G protein alphaQ to activate p38MAPK. Oncogene 2012, 31:3333?345. 40. Pan J, Kao YL, Joshi S, Jeetendran S, Dipette D, Singh US: Activation of Rac1 by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in vivo: function in activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and retinoic acidinduced neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. J Neurochem 2005, 93:571?83. 41. Kunigal S, Ponnusamy MP, Momi N, Batra SK, Chellappan SP: Nicotine, IFNgamma and retinoic acid mediated induction of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer needs E2F1 and STAT-1 transcription factors and utilize diverse signaling cascades. Mol Cancer 2012, 11:24. 42. Levalbuterol Adrenergic Receptor Zaragoza R, Gimeno A, Miralles VJ, Garcia-Trevijano ER, Carmena R, Garcia C, Mata M, Puertes IR, Torres L, Vina JR: Retinoids induce MMP-9 expression by means of RARalpha throughout mammary gland remodeling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007, 292:E1140 1148.Garc -Regalado et al. Molecular Cancer 2013, 12:44 http://www.molecular-cancer.com/content/12/1/Page 12 of43. Billottet C, Banerjee L, Vanhaesebroeck B, Khwaja A: Inhibition of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity impairs proliferation and triggers apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia with no affecting atrainduced differentiation. Cancer Res 2009, 69:1027?036. 44. Srinivas H, Xia D, Moore NL, Uray IP, Kim H, Ma L, Weigel NL, Brown PH, Kurie JM: Akt phosphorylates and suppresses the transactivation of retinoic acid receptor alpha. Biochem J 2006, 395:653?62. 45. Mrass P, Rendl M, Mildner M, Gruber F, Lengauer B, Ballaun C, Eckhart L, Tschachler E: Retinoic acid Valbenazine custom synthesis increases the expression of p53 and proapoptotic caspases and sensitizes keratinocytes to apoptosis: a doable explanation for tumor preventive action of retinoids. Cancer Res 2004, 64:6542?548. 46. Lefebvre B, Brand C, Flajollet S, Lefebvre P: Down-regulation of your tumor suppressor gene retinoic acid receptor beta2 by means of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Endocrinol 2006, 20:2109?121. 47. Farias EF, Marzan C, Mira-y-Lopez R: Cellular retinol-binding protein-I inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling via a retinoic acid receptor-dependent mechanism that regulates p85-p110 heterodimerization. Oncogene 2005, 24:1598?606.doi:10.1186/1476-4598-12-44 Cite this short article as: Garc -Regalado et al.: Activation of Akt pathway by transcription-independent mechanisms of retinoic acid promotes survival and invasion in lung cancer cells. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:44.Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take complete advantage of:?Convenient on-line submission ?Thorough peer critique ?No space constraints or color figure charges ?Immediate publication on acceptance ?Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar ?Study that is freely offered for redistributionSubmit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral.com/submit
Arsenic compounds are crucial drugs which have been used in both People’s Republic of China along with the Western globe for a lot more than two,000 years. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and arsenic sulfide (As4S4) had been discovered to possess exceptional anti-leukemic activity particularly against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).1? As2O3 features a synergistic effect when combined with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). The exact mechanism of such synergistic impact on APL remains incompletely understood, even though it was found that thei.

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